In this paper, the phase shifting transformer (PST) is introduced in theTransmission Expansion Planning (TEP) problem considering significant windpower integration. The proposed planning model is formulated as a bilevelprogram which seeks to determine the optimal strategy for the networkreinforcements and the PST locations. The objective of the upper level problemis to minimize the total consumer payment, the investment cost on transmissionline and PST. The lower level problems designate the electricity marketclearing conditions under different load-wind scenarios. The bilevel model istransformed into a single level mixed integer linear program (MILP) byreplacing each lower level problem with its primal-dual formulation. Thenumerical case studies based on IEEE 24-bus system demonstrate thecharacteristics of the proposed model. Moreover, the simulation results showthat the installation of PST adds flexibility to the TEP and facilitates theintegration of wind power.
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